众所周知的——约翰·拉贝

一个普通的、正直的商人

拯救25万中国人的德国人

“南京好人”

As we known

John Rabe

An ordinary and upright businessman

A German who saved 250,000 Chinese people

The Good Man of Nanjing

今天

让我们聊一聊

你所不知道的约翰·拉贝

Today

Let us have a chat

John Rabe

that you don’t know

01拉贝诞生The Birth of Rabe

1882年11月23日，约翰·拉贝（简称“拉贝”）出生于德国汉堡，父亲是个船长。

John Rabe was born in Hamburg, Germany on November 23, 1882. His father was a ship’s captain.

图1｜1885年的约翰·拉贝 John Rabe in 1885

图2 | 约翰.拉贝童年在汉堡的住地

John Rabe’s residence in Hamburg in his childhood

02学徒年代Apprentice Age

约翰·拉贝早年丧父，因此初中毕业就离开了学校，在汉堡当徒工。

John Rabe’s father died when he was very young, so he served as an apprentice in Hamburg after he finished middle school.

图3 | 约翰·拉贝手稿：我的学徒年代

John Rabe’s manuscript: my apprentice age

图4 | 约翰.拉贝（后排左三）1903年在汉堡与朋友们的合影

John Rabe(third from left in the back row) with his friends in Hamburg in 1903

1903年，拉贝在老板的推荐下去非洲东南部的葡萄牙殖民地莫桑比克一家英国公司工作，三年后身染疟疾离开非洲回国。

In 1903, Rabe, at his boss’ recommendation, was sent to work for a British company in Mozambique, a Portuguese colony in southeastern Africa. A bout of malaria forced him to return home in 1906.

图5 | 约翰.拉贝（前排左一）1903年在非洲与客户们的合影

John Rabe (first from left in the front row) with his clients in Africa in 1903

图6 | 约翰.拉贝在非洲的住房

John Rabe’s residence in Africa

03加盟西门子John Rabe Entering Siemens

1908年约翰·拉贝来到中国北京，次年10月25日，他和女友道拉结为伉俪。

In 1908, Rabe came to Beijing, China. He married Dora Schubert on October 25 of the following year.

图7 | 1909年10月25日拉贝与道拉结婚时合影（摄于上海）

Wedding photo of Dora and John Rabe on October 25, 1909(taken in Shanghai)

1911年冬，拉贝进入著名的德国西门子驻北京代表处工作，出任会计兼文书。拉贝的勤奋和才能很受公司负责人的赏识，很快就升任西门子驻北京代表处的负责人。同年，他在中国建立了第一个电讯台，后来又在上海另建一个新电台。一直到拉贝1938年回国，西门子一直享有中国海军使用西门子电讯台装备的垄断权。

In the winter of 1911, Rabe obtained a job in the reputable Siemens Co., and worked in its Beijing office as an accountant and assistant.

Thanks to his diligence and competence, Rabe was highly appreciated by his supervisor, and was soon promoted to be Director of the Beijing office. In the same year, he established the first telegraph station of China in Beijing, and later built another one in Shanghai. Siemens had all along enjoyed the monopoly over the telecommunication equipment used by China’s Navy before Rabe returned to Germany in 1938.

他与同事相处得也很好，总能看到别人的长处并乐于助人。南京大学德语教授张威廉在20年代北京大学德语专业毕业后，与拉贝同在西门子工作，他回忆说，“拉贝和公司的中国人相处得尤其融洽，他很喜欢和中国人交朋友，其中有一位叫鲍家良的青年在拉贝手下干会计，拉贝待他情同父子。”Rabe maintained good relationships with his colleagues, since he could spot quickly the merits of others and was always ready to help. Prof. Zhang Weilian of Nanjing University, once working together with Rabe for Siemens in the 1920s after his graduation from the German faculty in Peking University, recalled, “Rabe got along specially well with his Chinese colleagues ; he liked to make friends with them. There was a young man called Bao Jialiang, an accountant under Rabe. Rabe treated him just like his own son.”

图8 | 1997年拉贝外孙女在南京大学访问时与张威廉教授(右)亲切交谈

Granddaughter of John Rabe had a chat with Prof. Zhang William (right) while visiting Nanjing University in 1997

图9 | 西门子公司职员鲍家良

Bao Jialiang, Siemens employee

1913年西门子北京代表处搬到了北京灯市口,公司在办公楼附近为拉贝盖了一所住宅，拉贝受聘担任代表处销售经理。

In 1913, the Beijing office of Siemens moved to Dengshikou, Beijing, where the company built a residence for John Rabe, a sales manager at that time.

图10 | 30年代西门子驻北京代表处的照片

The Beijing office of Siemens in the 1930s

第一次世界大战中，中国对德宣战，德国人在中国遇到了许多麻烦，但是拉贝和他的朋友在关键时刻，总是能够得到善良的中国人的帮助。1917年张勋复辟帝制时，北京城区发生枪战，拉贝在自己的家中收留了一大批难民，并为他们提供食宿。

Since China declared war on Germany in World War I, Germans in China had a difficult time. However, Rabe and his friends could always get help from the Chinese people at critical moments. During the Imperial Restoration led by Zhang Xun in 1917, gunfights broke out in the Beijing city proper; Rabe sheltered a large number of refugees in his own house, providing them with food and shelter.

图11 | 约翰·拉贝夫妇和儿子女儿在一起（1917年）

The Rabe couple and their son and daughter

图12 | 奥托·拉贝和保姆在一起

Otto Rabe with the baby sitter

1918年11月11日，德奥同盟国战败投降。拉贝和所有的德国人一样必须被遣返回国。1919年3月初，拉贝和妻子带着8岁和2岁的两个孩子，返回了德国汉堡。

On November 11, 1918, the allied Germany and Austria lost the war and declared their surrender. Rabe, like all the Germans in China, had to be repatriated to Germany. In early March, 1919, Rabe and his wife returned to Hamburg with their children, one 2-year-old and the other 8-year-old.

图13 | 德国汉堡

Hamburg

1920年，拉贝返回中国。出乎意料的是，他留在北京的房屋和财产，还是原封不动地保存在那里，这件事让他终身难以忘记，他逢人必讲中国人的善良。1925年，西门子公司在天津建造的自动电话局需要大批工作人员，西门子在北方的总部就由北京迁到了天津，拉贝到天津任代表处的负责人。

In 1920, Rabe returned to Beijing. To his surprise, his house and properties were left untouched. This impressed him so much that he told everyone he met about the kindness of the Chinese people. In 1925, the headquarters of Siemens in North China moved from Beijing to Tianjin to meet the increasing need of personnel for the new automatic telephone service station there. Rabe was transferred there to be Director of the Tianjin office.

图14 | 天津英租界广东路上西门子公司驻天津代表处

The Tianjin office of Siemens, on Guangdong Rd. in the British Concession

图15 | 1925年约翰.拉贝在天津的住宅

Rabe’s house in Tianjin in 1925

拉贝对待公司的职员都很好，公司的一名营销员，德国小伙子斯拉格后来就成了拉贝的女婿。1930年8月拉贝为他的女儿在天津的教堂举行了婚礼。

He treated his employees nicely. One salesperson, a young German, later became Rabe’s son-in-law. In August 1930, Rabe held the wedding ceremony for his daughter Margaret in a church in Tianjin.

图16 | 1930年拉贝女儿玛格利特与女婿斯拉格结婚时照片

Rabe’s daughter and son-in-law at their wedding in 1930

图17 | 拉贝的女儿、儿子

Rabe’s daughter and son

1930年11月，拉贝从德国回来，被西门子上海总部任命为南京代表处负责人，1931年11月2日到达中国国民政府首都—南京，住在下关临时租住的二层楼的住所内，经销通讯器材、防空报警系统、电话系统、交通材料等。

In November 1930, returning to China from Germany, Rabe was appointed by the headquarters of Siemens in Shanghai as Director of Siemens office in Nanjing, the capital of China under the National Government (KMT). After his arrival in Nanjing on November 2 1931, Rabe lived temporarily at a rented 2-storey building in Xiaguan District. He was in charge of the sales of communication equipment, air raid alarm system, telephone system, and materials for transportation.

组图18 | 拉贝当时使用的名片和印章

John Rabe’s business card and seal in Chinese

青年时期的拉贝与中国有着不解之缘，

更与中国人民有着深厚友谊。

在漫长的黑夜中

“中国的辛德勒”拯救了25万中国人的生命

将自己葬于寒冬，却推我们走向春意盎然的新世纪

人民与山河同在，英雄共日月长辉

As a young man, Rabe had an indissoluble bond with China and a profound friendship with theChinese people.

Through the long dark night,

"The Schindler of China" saved the lives of more than

250,000 Chinese people.

He buried himself in the winter only to push us into

a new century full of spring.

The people and the country have always existed,and the heroes have always been brilliant.

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